Th1 and Th2 Responses from Different COVID-19 Vaccines: What Are They?
Table 1. Comparison of vaccines In the above table, list of Covid-19 vaccines are compared and one of the nonclinical results has mentioned: Strong Th1 response (Moderna) Strong Th1 and Th2 response (Pfizer, AstraZeneca, J&J and Sputnik V) So, what are Th1 and Th2 responses? Cytokines Cytokines are the hormonal messengers responsible for most of the biological effects in the immune system, such as cell mediated immunity and allergic type responses. Although they are numerous, cytokines can be functionally divided into two groups: Proinflammatory Anti-inflammatory T Lymphocytes T lymphocytes (or T cells) are a major source of cytokines . These cells bear antigen specific receptors on their cell surface to allow recognition of foreign pathogens. They can also recognize normal tissue during episodes of autoimmune diseases. There are two main subsets of T lymphocytes distinguished by the presence of cell surface molecules known as CD4 and CD8 : Helper T Cells T lymphocyt...